Genes Linked to Higher Risk of Eating Disorders Identified

Scientists have identified two gene mutations that are associated with increased risk of
developing eating disorders.

Researchers from the University of Iowa and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center studied the genetics of two families severely affected by eating disorders and found two gene mutations, one in each family, that are associated with increased risk of developing eating disorders.

The study also showed that the two genes interact in the same signalling pathway in the brain, and that the two mutations produce the same biological effect.

The findings suggest that this pathway might represent a new target for understanding and potentially treating eating disorders.

Researchers found that mutations that decrease the activity of a transcription factor - a protein that turns on the expression of other genes - called estrogen-related receptor alpha (ESRRA) increase the risk of eating disorders.

In the new study, 20 members from three generations of one family (10 individuals affected by eating disorders and 10 unaffected), and eight members of a second family (six affected and two unaffected) were analysed.

The gene discovered in the larger family was ESRRA, a transcription factor that turns on the expression of other genes. The mutation associated with eating disorders decreases
ESSRA activity.

The gene found in the second family is a transcriptional repressor called histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), which turns off transcription factors, including ESRRA.