Give mealtimes a nutritional boost by choosing a baked potato over chips. Photograph: foodfolio/Alamy.Stressful jobs, long hours and shift work can negatively impact on diet and fitness. But eating better and exercising more can aid sleep and boost energy levels.You’ve had a long day. Your stomach is rumbling and you’re exhausted. What’s the first thing you grab to eat? Most likely it’s a microwave meal, a takeaway or perhaps a plateful of chips? Or maybe “a lot of cake”, as one library assistant who took part in our survey of public and voluntary sector professionals responded when asked how stress and long hours had impacted her life.
It’s not just mealtimes at home that are affected. The survey found that 19% did not take a break at all during the day, while 23% had between zero and 15 minutes for the main break of the day. Combined with the fact that many professionals in the sector work in shift patterns and that stress is such a big problem, it’s no wonder that so many who responded talked of overeating, digestion problems, weight gain, eating on the run, snacking and comfort eating.
Dave Prentis, general secretary of Unison, said this is typical of what the union’s members tell them. He says: “Not everyone’s job allows them to take lunch in the canteen or at their desks at the same time every day. Home-care staff whose working day is spent mostly on the road travelling between the homes of people they care for, find it hard to grab five minutes to themselves, let alone take a 30-minute lunch break.”
The union believes employers should take responsibility for ensuring their staff can eat healthily despite their schedules. Prentis says: “Employers who need staff to work unsociable hours must ensure that decent catering facilities are available around the clock. Employers aren’t just responsible for the safety of their staff, but for their wellbeing too.
“Unions can work with managers to ensure staffing levels are sufficient to allow employees to be able to take a lunch break, and encourage healthy eating by offering those choices in workplace canteens too.”
He adds: “Subsidised gym membership or workplace sessions on nutrition and exercise can also help when it comes to keeping fit and well at work.”
As we move towards a 24-hour society the numbers of those working in shifts are set to increase. Consequently researchers are turning their attentions to the health patterns of these workers and it’s not good news for their long-term health. Ayela Spiro, senior nutrition scientist at the British Nutrition Foundation, explains the potential risks. She says: “Research has suggested that shift work is associated with greater risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.”
While it’s not known exactly why this is the case, researchers believe that three aspects of shift work could contribute. Shift work disrupts the circadian rhythm (the body clock) that regulates metabolic and cardiovascular systems. It can also have a negative effect on diet and exercise, as well impact on both quality and quantity of sleep.
These are obviously problems that those who work very long hours face, with lack of sleep being mentioned by a large portion of those who responded to the survey. It’s no surprise that this affects appetite as workers turn to high energy (and often unhealthy) snacks to keep them going when their energy dips. For those working at night, vending machines stocked with crisps and chocolate may be the only catering service open.
This response from a civil servant was typical: “[Stress] affects sleep and also means I do not eat healthily as I am always running to catch up, I have put on weight through eating snacks while I work, or sugar bursts for energy.”
With just a little pre-preparation, unhealthy snacks can be avoided. Spiro recommends these dietary tips combined with exercise and better sleep for those working in the public sectors:
- Eat regular light meals or snacks which are less likely to cause drowsiness or affect alertness than a single heavy meal. Particularly avoid large meals one to two hours before your main sleep.
- Prepare food at home so that problems with limited workplace catering and unhealthy snack options can be more easily avoided.
- Choose healthy filling foods which are a good source of energy, micronutrients and fibre, and which release glucose relatively slowly into the bloodstream. Good choices include potatoes with skins, for example baked potato, and adding pulses like beans, lentils or chickpeas to stews, curries, soups and salads. Hearty vegetable or bean soups can be kept in a thermos flask.
- Bring snacks with you such as fruit, vegetable sticks, rye crackers, oatcakes, unsalted nuts or seeds.
- Drink lots of of fluid which is important as dehydration can increase tiredness and decrease performance.
- Cut down on caffeine such as coffee or energy drinks. It is often used as a stimulant, but excessive caffeine can have side effects and should not be consumed for up to four hours before the end of a shift.
- Avoid alcohol. Some people also use alcohol to sleep, but it lowers the quality of sleep, and persistent use can also increase the risk of dependence
